Use the Information in the Family History to Construct a Pedigree for This Family.
What is a genetic full-blooded?
A genetic pedigree is a visual representation of several generations in a patient's family. It shows how family unit members are related to each other and notes any medical conditions they may take along with any other pertinent information. For case, a family'southward ethnic background may be relevant, equally this could indicate whether certain tests should be considered based on the frequency of weather condition in unlike populations.
The information needed to draw a full-blooded is commonly collected through a series of questions well-nigh each member of the family. Standardised symbols and lines are used to represent the family unit members and their relationships.
The example here shows a four-generation pedigree. The person giving the data is Julie Smith, as noted past the small arrow. Julie, her mother Mollie, her grandmother Alice, and her cousin Mary, have all been afflicted the same medical status, indicated by the shaded circles.
The symbols and lines
So that any health professional can read and sympathise a genetic pedigree, they use a set of internationally recognised symbols and lines, based on the proposed organisation by the National Society of Genetic Counselors.
Click on the epitome to zoom in or right-click to save and keep equally a reference.
Frequently asked questions
Genetic counsellor Amanda Pichini answers some mutual family history queries.
How do I represent medical information on a full-blooded?
For each person, record the following under the pedigree symbol:
- Proper noun
- Engagement of birth (if known, the date of nascency is preferable to current ages or estimates)
- Relevant symptoms and/or diagnoses and age at diagnosis (if known)
- Cause of death and historic period at expiry (if known)
Depending on the clinical question, you might also desire to record:
- Pregnancy and nascence history
- Occupational/ecology exposures
- Medications
Am I allowed to ask most other family unit members and tape this information?
Yeah, yous may record information about other people in a family and pass it on to healthcare colleagues (nether Schedule 3 of the Data Protection Human action) without the consent of all those shown on the pedigree if this is necessary for medical purposes (including preventative medicine, medical diagnosis, medical research, the provision of care and treatment, and the management of healthcare services).
Can I show other family unit members a pedigree that I drafted with my patient?
If you have seen multiple members of the same family, it is important to consider that not all individuals will report the same family history, depending on what they know almost the health and genetic testing history of their relatives. Information technology is therefore important to avert showing a patient a pedigree that you or someone else has taken from a relative, unless you know that explicit consent has been given to share this information.
In which lodge should I ask about people in the family?
It is best to ask for information almost each person in turn, unremarkably starting with your patient and moving through the family, generation by generation. The specific order may vary depending on who is affected with the condition, and its inheritance blueprint. Meet the films below to come across examples of how you could order the questions.
How do I know how many generations to include?
This depends on the reason for taking the family history. Typically, information about three generations of a family would exist collected (for instance, your patient'south generation, their parents' generation and grandparents' generation). In some clinical situations, y'all may exist required to ask for broader details about the family and their medical conditions. In others, you may need information about a specific condition.
What do I do if I need to make changes to the genetic pedigree at a subsequently date?
It is important to clearly document who took a genetic full-blooded and the date. If at that place are updates to a family history such that the pedigree can exist amended at a later engagement, add together your name and the appointment of the update, too equally use a unlike coloured pen to note any changes, or upload the pedigree every bit a separate document in an electronic record system. Visualising genetic pedigrees taken at different times is important for the patient and their healthcare professionals to sympathize why certain investigations were pursued or not, based on what was understood about that family or condition at each point in time.
Useful resources
Family full-blooded films
If you lot would similar to acquire how to accept and draw a family history yourself, these films may be helpful. They have three patient scenarios viewed from two perspectives: the conversation, focusing on the types and lodge of questions asked; and the pedigree, focusing on the symbols and lines existence used.
Y'all can use the films to both learn and practise: watch the pedigree films to run across how a pedigree is created, and so watch the conversation films and try drawing the family unit history yourself, using our worksheet below. You can then compare with the drawn pedigree at the end.
Family history worksheet
You lot can use this worksheet to practise drawing a family unit history. It shows the master symbols and lines used, with space aslope to draw a full-blooded. Click on the image to view, print or save.
Family unit history template tool
This handy tool acts equally both a template for creating a patient's genetic family history, and a reminder of the cardinal symbols, lines and information to include. Made from sturdy 1mm plastic, it tin can exist a permanent part of your clinical toolkit. NHS staff and educators can request a gratis copy of the tool.
Notation: Due to remote working within HEE, the physical tools can only be accessed and sent on a monthly ground. We volition endeavour to get them to you lot as presently as we can, but appreciate your understanding in the event of delay.
Acquire more
Build upwards your knowledge of taking and drawing a family history, and how genomic information can exist passed downward through a family, with these complimentary courses and resource.
Source: https://www.genomicseducation.hee.nhs.uk/taking-and-drawing-a-family-history/
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